Insights, System Design & Modern Engineering
Explore in-depth articles, production system architectures, interview blueprints, and practical engineering guides by Varad Dhumale.
Latest Articles
Single Sign-On (SSO): One Login, Every App
Ever notice how at work you log into one thing and suddenly you're already signed into five other tools? That's Single Sign-On. It's the rea...
OAuth 2.0 vs OpenID Connect: Who's Allowed In vs Who Are You
"Log in with Google" buttons feel simple on the surface, but there are actually two different protocols working together behind them: OAuth...
Virtual Machines vs Containers: What's Actually Different?
VMs and containers both let you run apps in isolated little bubbles — but they do it in very different ways, and that difference matters a l...
SLA vs SLO vs SLI: The Three Letters Every Engineer Should Actually Understand
SLA, SLO, SLI — three acronyms that get thrown around a lot and mixed up even more. They're not just corporate paperwork; they're how teams...
Service Discovery: How Microservices Find Each Other
Back when apps were one big monolith, one part of your code calling another was easy — it was just a function call. But once you break thing...
Rate Limiting: How to Stop Your API From Getting Steamrolled
Ever hit an API and gotten a "429 Too Many Requests" error? That's rate limiting doing its job. It's one of those unglamorous pieces of infr...